During the Roman Empire, Frankincense was as valuable as gems and precious metals. The burning of Frankincense was popular at Roman altars and cremations. The signature white smoke from the burnt Frankincense is rooted with symbolism. In addition to representing the pillars of white smoke, which led the Israelites to the Promised Land, the white smoke symbolizes the Holy Spirit accompanying Christ as he returns from his testing in the desert.
Pagans in Rome, Persia, Babylon, and Assyria used Frankincense during offerings at their altars, and in purification ceremonies. Frankincense was burned during triumphs and victory parades by the Romans. The ancients mixed frankincense with wine and myrrh to create a strong drink to ease the pain of those dying. The mythical Phoenix bird built its funeral pyre out of frankincense and myrrh.
Frankincense has been a staple of both religious observances and secular events since the before recorded civilization. Modern uses of Frankincense include burning during church services to show respect for the offering at the altar or the deceased who is being honored.